Simulation of stable and unstable flows in unsaturated homogeneous coarse sand

نویسندگان

  • M. S. BABEL
  • R. LOOF
چکیده

A numerical model developed to simulate stable and unstable flows in unsaturated porous media is described. Results of numerical studies carried out to simulate laboratory experiments with the assumption of stable flow demonstrate the occurrence of unstable flow for the initial conditions of both air dry and field capacity for unsaturated infiltration in sands. This indicates that the Richards flow equation based on moisture content and potential variables averaged over total crosssectional area may not be applicable for flow under instability-prone boundary conditions. The unstable flow due to wetting front instability is modelled using the steady-state theory proposed by Hillel & Baker (1988). Simulation results for fingered flux calculated with the theory represent the experimental data reasonably well. The pore water velocity remains constant irrespective of the incident flux as long as the flux is smaller than the hydraulic conductivity value at the water entry suction of the porous media. The effect of antecedent wetness on the unstable flow behaviour is to reduce the pore water velocity drastically from air dry to field capacity conditions. Simulation d'écoulements stables et instables dans un sable grossier homogène et non saturé Résumé Nous avons développé un modèle numérique afin de simuler des écoulements stables ou non dans des milieux poreux non-saturés. Les résultats des études numériques entreprises pour simuler les expériences de laboratoire dans l'hypothèse d'un écoulement stable montrent que, pour l'infiltration dans des sables non saturés, un écoulement instable apparaît que le milieu soit initialement sec ou à la capacité au champ. Cela indique que l'équation de Richards qui concerne des variables de charge et d'humidité moyermées selon des sections n'est peut être pas applicable à des écoulements dont les conditions initiales favorisent l'instabilité. L'écoulement instable causé par l'instabilité du front d'humectation a été modélisé en utilisant la théorie en régime permanent proposée par Hillel & Baker en 1988. Les résultats des simulations de flux digités s'appuyant sur cette théorie reproduisent les résultats expérimentaux de façon satisfaisante. La vitesse de pore de l'eau demeure constante quel que soit le flux incident tant que ce flux reste inférieur à la conductivité hydraulique correspondant à la succion d'entrée du milieu poreux. L'effet de l'humidification antérieure sur le comportement instable de l'écoulement est une très importante réduction de la vitesse de pore entre l'état sec et la capacité au champ.

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تاریخ انتشار 1997